Logic bias refers to the inclination to rely primarily on logical reasoning, sometimes at the expense of emotional or contextual factors.

While this bias is not a recognized cognitive bias in the same way that many other biases are, it captures the tendency where individuals overly rely on logic and reasoning and dismiss emotions or intuition. It also refers to those who believe their reasoning is always logical and objective, even when it may not be.

Loss Aversion bias describes the tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring equivalent gains.
In other words, individuals often place a higher emotional weight on the prospect of losing something they already possess than on the potential to gain something of equal value.

This bias can cause leaders and their organizations to cling to the status quo.

Optimism bias is the tendency for individuals to overestimate their likelihood of experiencing positive outcomes, and to underestimate their likelihood of experiencing negative outcomes.

Outcome bias is the tendency to judge a decision by its eventual outcome rather than based on the quality of the decision process and decision at the time it was made.

In other words, an individual will assume that a decision was good if it resulted in a positive outcome and bad if it led to a negative outcome, regardless of the information and reasoning available at the time of the decision.

The Overconfidence bias is the tendency to overestimate one’s abilities, skills, and knowledge.

Pessimism Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to give more weight to negative information compared to positive information.

This bias can affect leadership in several ways.

Picture Superiority Effect is a cognitive phenomenon in which people tend to remember information better when it is presented in a picture or image format, compared to information that is presented in text format.

This bias is based on the idea that people tend to have better memory retention for visual information compared to information presented in other formats.

Planning fallacy bias refers to the tendency for individuals to underestimate the time and resources required to complete a project or task, and to overestimate the benefits and outcomes of their actions.

Positive Outcome bias occurs when individuals focus primarily on successful results, leading them to overlook potential risks or flaws in their decision-making process.

In other words, this bias influences people to overemphasize positive outcomes while downplaying or neglecting negative outcomes.

Positive Outcome bias assumes that a good outcome is always the result of a good decision.

Projection bias influences individuals to project their current thoughts, feelings, and preferences onto others, assuming others share the same beliefs or feelings.

In other words, this bias is based on the idea that one’s own personal preferences, attitudes, and beliefs are more widely shared than they actually are.

This bias can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunications due to people incorrectly assuming others see the world in the same way they do.

Regret Aversion is the tendency to make decisions that minimize the potential for regret, even if better options are available.

Representative bias occurs when people judge the likelihood of an event occurring based on how similar it is to other, more familiar events.

This bias can occur in leadership when leaders make decisions based on how similar a situation is to other situations they have seen in the past, rather than using actual data or statistical probabilities to inform their decision making.